Teacher Well-Being Management for Enhancing Student Well-Being in Primary Schools

Authors

  • Ucih Kursih Universitas Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia Semarang
  • Senowarsito Universitas Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia Semarang
  • Harjito Universitas Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58230/zzyfna71

Keywords:

primary education, student well-being, teacher digital literacy, teacher well-being management, digital community collaboration

Abstract

Student well-being is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of educational quality, particularly in inclusive primary schools where diverse needs require supportive and collaborative learning environments. This study examined the effects of teacher well-being management, teachers’ digital literacy, and digital community collaboration on student well-being in public primary schools in Sragi District, Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative causal-associative survey design was employed, involving 116 teachers from 15 public primary schools selected through total sampling. Data were collected using validated and reliable five-point Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. The findings showed that teacher well-being management, digital literacy, and digital community collaboration positively and significantly affected student well-being, both independently and collectively. Teacher well-being management emerged as the strongest predictor, emphasizing the importance of personal agency, professional connectedness, and workload balance. These findings indicate that student well-being requires an integrated educational ecosystem that supports teacher well-being, strengthens digital capacity, and promotes meaningful school-community collaboration. The study highlights teacher well-being management as an organizational foundation for strengthening student well-being in inclusive primary education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710706

Allen, K., Kern, M. L., Vella-Brodrick, D., Hattie, J., & Waters, L. (2018). What schools need to know about fostering school belonging: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 30(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-016-9389-8

Allen, K. A., Jamshidi, N., Berger, E., Reupert, A., Wurf, G., & May, F. (2022). Impact of school-based interventions for building school belonging in adolescence: A systematic review. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 229–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09621-w

Althubyani, A. R. (2024). Digital competence of teachers and the factors affecting their competence level: A nationwide mixed-methods study. Sustainability, 16(7), 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072796

Andini, D., Ufad, A., Rahayu, A., Sumiyati, Y., Rahim, A., & Taryatman, T. (2021). Teachers’ readiness to accommodate diverse students through distance learning in an inclusive setting. Journal of ICSAR, 5(2), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v5i22021p54

Aydin, M. K., Yildirim, T., & Kus, M. (2024). Teachers' digital competences: A scale construction and validation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1356573. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356573

Bardach, L., Klassen, R. M., & Perry, N. E. (2022). Teachers’ psychological characteristics: Do they matter for teacher effectiveness, teachers’ well-being, retention, and interpersonal relations? An integrative review. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 259–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09614-9

Bond, M., Bedenlier, S., Buntins, K., Kerres, M., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2020). Facilitating student engagement in higher education through educational technology: A narrative systematic review in the field of education. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 20(2), 315–368. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/208718/

Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: A systematic evidence map. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8

Bylieva, D., Lobatyuk, V., & Novikov, M. (2023). Parent chats in education system: During and after the pandemic outbreak. Education Sciences, 13(8), 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13080778

Carroll, A., Forrest, K., Sanders-O’Connor, E., Flynn, L., Bower, J. M., Fynes-Clinton, S., ... Ziaei, M. (2022). Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: Examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors. Social Psychology of Education, 25(2), 441–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09686-7

Claro, M., Castro-Grau, C., Ochoa, J. M., Hinostroza, J. E., & Cabello, P. (2024). Systematic review of quantitative research on digital competences of in-service school teachers. Computers & Education, 215, 105030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105030

Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. J. (2023). Teacher well-being and sense of relatedness with students: Examining associations over one school term. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, 104233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104233

Dreer, B. (2023). On the outcomes of teacher wellbeing: A systematic review of research. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1205179. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205179

Ediyanto, E., Ramadhani, R. S., Fitrasari, B. D., Kenila, E., Sunandar, A., Hastuti, W. D., & Suhendri, S. (2026). The problems in the implementation of inclusive education in primary schools. Journal of ICSAR, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i12023p1

Evans, R., Bell, S., Brockman, R., Campbell, R., Copeland, L., Fisher, H., ... Kidger, J. (2022). Wellbeing in secondary education (WISE) study to improve the mental health and wellbeing of teachers: A complex system approach to understanding intervention acceptability. Prevention Science, 23(6), 922–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01351-x

Fernández-Batanero, J. M., Román-Graván, P., Reyes-Rebollo, M. M., & Montenegro-Rueda, M. (2021). Impact of educational technology on teacher stress and anxiety: A literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020548

Fitzgerald, M. M., Shipman, K., Pauletic, M., Ellesworth, K., & Dymnicki, A. (2022). Promoting educator social emotional competence, well-being, and student–educator relationships: A pilot study. Mental Health & Prevention, 26, 200234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200234

Friesen, D. C., Shory, U., & Lamoureux, C. (2023). The role of self-efficacy beliefs and inclusive education beliefs on teacher burnout. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100599

Gámez-Genovart, M., Oliver-Trobat, M. F., & Rosselló-Ramon, M. R. (2025). Research on teacher well-being: A systematic review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 168, 105264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105264

Haldimann, M., Morinaj, J., & Hascher, T. (2023). The role of dyadic teacher–student relationships for primary school teachers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054053

Hardianto, D. (2025). Redesigning school-family partnerships in the digital era: A study of parental preferences in primary education in Indonesia. JTP-Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 27(2), 514–524. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v27i2.57725

Hascher, T., & Waber, J. (2021). Teacher well-being: A systematic review of the research literature from the year 2000–2019. Educational Research Review, 34, 100411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100411

Lee, S. M. S., Gao, L., Tan, C. Y., & An, Q. (2026). Parents' perspectives of technology-mediated parent–school communication: A review. Review of Education, 14(1), e70137. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70137

Ling, X., Chen, J., Chow, D. H., Xu, W., & Li, Y. (2022). The “trade-off” of student well-being and academic achievement: A perspective of multidimensional student well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 772653. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772653

Listyowati, L., Maryanto, M., & Egar, N. (2025). The integrative model for strengthening the quality of inclusive education based on digital literacy, achievement culture, and teacher work motivation. Journal of ICSAR, 9(2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v9i22025p276-291

Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Su, J., Ng, R. C. W., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Teachers’ AI digital competencies and twenty-first century skills in the post-pandemic world. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(1), 137–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10203-6

Olayiwola-Adedoja, T. O., & Naidoo, S. (2026). Teachers’ emotional competence and its influence on learner’s psychosocial well-being: A systematic review. Education Sciences, 16(7), 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16071004

Oliveira, S., Roberto, M. S., Pereira, N. S., Marques-Pinto, A., & Veiga-Simão, A. M. (2021). Impacts of social and emotional learning interventions for teachers on teachers' outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 677217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677217

Özgür, H. (2020). Relationships between teachers’ technostress, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), school support and demographic variables: A structural equation modeling. Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106468

Pamungkas, B., Damayanto, A., & Suseno, A. (2025). Holistic approach in inclusive education management in Indonesia: A systematic review of strategies and challenges faced by schools. Journal of ICSAR, 9(2), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v9i22025p367-381

Pan, L., Haq, S. U., Shi, X., & Nadeem, M. (2024). The impact of digital competence and personal innovativeness on the learning behavior of students: Exploring the moderating role of digitalization in higher education quality. SAGE Open, 14(3), 21582440241265919. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241265919

Povey, J., Campbell, A. K., Willis, L. D., Haynes, M., Western, M., Bennett, S., ... Pedde, C. (2016). Engaging parents in schools and building parent-school partnerships: The role of school and parent organisation leadership. International Journal of Educational Research, 79, 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.005

Stang-Rabrig, J., Schwerter, J., Witmer, M., & McElvany, N. (2023). Beneficial and negative factors for the development of students’ well-being in educational context. Current Psychology, 42(35), 31294–31308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04067-x

Tondeur, J., Howard, S., Van Zanten, M., Gorissen, P., Van der Neut, I., Uerz, D., & Kral, M. (2023). The HeDiCom framework: Higher education teachers’ digital competencies for the future. Educational Technology Research and Development, 71(1), 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10193-5

Tzafilkou, K., Perifanou, M., & Economides, A. A. (2023). Assessing teachers’ digital competence in primary and secondary education: Applying a new instrument to integrate pedagogical and professional elements for digital education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 16017–16040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11848-9

Vieira, L., Rohmer, O., Jury, M., Desombre, C., Delaval, M., Doignon-Camus, N., ... Popa-Roch, M. (2024). Attitudes and self-efficacy as buffers against burnout in inclusive settings: Impact of a training programme in pre-service teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 144, 104569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104569

Wang, Q., & Zhao, G. (2023). Exploring the influence of technostress creators on in-service teachers' attitudes toward ICT and ICT adoption intentions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(6), 1771–1789. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13315

Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Liu, L., & Lv, C. (2023). Navigating technostress in primary schools: A study on teacher experiences, school support, and health. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1267767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1267767

Widodo, A., Hufad, A., Sunardi, S., Hardi, E., & Safitri, A. (2023). Inclusive practices: Levels of teacher collaboration in regular schools. Journal of ICSAR, 7(2), 346–353. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i22023p346

Widodo, W., Sudana Degeng, I. N., Pali, M., & Hitipeuw, I. (2024). Development and validation of the student well-being scale for elementary school using Rasch model analysis. Journal of Educational, Health & Community Psychology (JEHCP), 13(2), 454. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v13i2.28768

Wray, E., Sharma, U., & Subban, P. (2022). Factors influencing teacher self-efficacy for inclusive education: A systematic literature review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, 103800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103800

Yli-Pietilä, R., Soini, T., Pietarinen, J., & Pyhältö, K. (2024). How is students’ well-being related to their class teacher’s professional agency in primary school? European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(3), 2341–2361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00781-7

Downloads

Published

2026-08-22